{"id":2459,"date":"2020-03-26T16:11:58","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T15:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bluemind.purpl-web.com\/?p=2459"},"modified":"2024-03-14T08:51:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T07:51:39","slug":"open-source-desktops-where-are-we-at","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bluemind.purpl-web.com\/en\/open-source-desktops-where-are-we-at\/","title":{"rendered":"Open-source desktops: where are we at?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

CNLL<\/a>\u2019s latest study<\/a> published\nin early 2020 showed that \u201cthe open-source software industry in France is\npredicted to grow by 9% consistently every year until 2023<\/strong>, which is\nabove the average the overall IT market which was close to 4% in 2019-20. In\nalmost 80% of companies, the use of open source will increase in the next two\nyears\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Red Hat’s “The State of Enterprise Open Source” report<\/a>, open-source software is increasingly present in\norganisations. It is even expected to \u201covertake proprietary software in two\nyears\u201d. Red Hat contends that proprietary software is losing favour because of\nexpensive and inflexible licences and vendor lock-in.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open source has\nbeen making its way up through infrastructure layers, all the way to business applications\nand end users, but is the thought of an entirely open-source desktop realistic\ntoday? Where are we at? What are the drivers and stoppers at play?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usability as a barrier to entry<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In early January\n2020, French Defence Minister Florence Parly announced in the Official Gazette of the Senate<\/a> (09\/01\/20) that the government was looking into a \u201ccompletely open source desktop<\/a>\u201d. This announcement came in the wake of the renewal of\na contract between\u2026 Microsoft and the French Ministry of Defence. Said renewal\nwas made without a call for tenders and in spite of security and sovereignty\nexperts\u2019 advise against it (Zdnet<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ministry is\ntherefore contemplating the acquisition of fully open-source desktops (operating\nsystem and office software) while continuing to sign contracts with major proprietary US vendors<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But besides\nthese giants\u2019 commercial \u2013 and lobbying \u2013 clout, why does open source still\nstruggle to impose itself on user desktops? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because the\nthorn in the side of open source is users. Or rather, what we refer to as\n\u201cusability\u201d: a software\u2019s user-friendliness and learning curve. People are\nweary of open source because it is perceived a developers\u2019 domain. Users don\u2019t\nrelate to it and they believe that it is an IT people\u2019s thing.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is\nparticularly true in enterprise email, in which user habits rule. Business\nemail is the communication channel most used on\na daily basis<\/a>. It handles\norganisations\u2019 critical information (invoices, orders, appointments, documents,\nkey data, etc.). No CIO can afford to alienate its users on this subject and\nrisk hurting productivity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Building a\nviable alternative to major US vendors\u2019 offering is not just an issue of\nsovereignty or technical feat. Europe does have an exceptional skill pool. But\nthe key driver of change is human rather than technical. Transitioning to\nhealthier technologies will not succeed if it is made to the detriment of users\n\u2013 it can only be considered with<\/em> them, with user comfort at the centre\nof the game. This premise \u2013 as far as end-user applications are concerned \u2013 is\nforcing a re-thinking of the open-source economic model to serve better user\nexperience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where do users fit into the open-source service model? <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Traditionally,\nopen source has been based on a \u201cservice model\u201d, i.e. providing and selling\nservices for open-source software (which you may be developing or may be\navailable as-is online), e.g. installation, integration, maintenance, support, training,\nconsulting\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This model has\nproven effective in building the foundations of digital technology:\ninfrastructure, technical components, networks and middleware. Shared\ndevelopment and shared expertise among engineers has led to the development \u2013\npartly through standardising \u2013 of some areas such as the internet<\/a> or, more\nrecently, DevOps<\/a>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yet, in its\nblog, the Open Source initiative concedes that the historical model of open source does not work well for\nuser applications as traditional open-source projects failed to take sufficient\naccount of end users, essentially focusing on software quality and power to\nresolve a given technical task instead: \u201cOpen Source, by its nature, is built\nby developers for developers. This means that although the primary consumers of\nopen source are end users, they get pretty much no say in how the project\nevolves. [\u2026] users often don\u2019t know what they want and even if they do they\ncan\u2019t put it in technical terms, meaning that all user-driven product\ndevelopment involves extensive and expensive product research which is far\nbeyond any open source project.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

So open source\u2019s\napproach to user desktops has to change: it must shift from focusing on\ntechnical features to improving user experience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open source software publishing: a new dimension<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

With the old\nclich\u00e9 of the bearded, garage-bound geek clandestinely coding clinging to it,\nopen source often finds it hard to get its economic\nrationale<\/a> through. Its development\nphilosophy is based on sharing, mutual help and transparency. It is not a\npre-packaged, off-the-shelf product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf a piece of\nsoftware requires configuring 20 separate options in order to be usable, it\u2019s\naccumulated far too much UX<\/a> debt to be usable by most people, as it requires specialized knowledge\nthat only a limited number of people have.\u201d explains M\u00e1ir\u00edn Duffy<\/a>, Senior Principal Interaction Designer at Red Hat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is by levelling\nout this debt that open-source software can rise up from infra-layers to the\nend user. How? \u201cWe must embrace our business model\u201d says Pierre Baudracco, CEO\nof BlueMind and co-Chairman of  CNLL<\/a> (National Free Software Council). \u201cWe\u2019re an open-source software publisher.\nWe don\u2019t sell source code, we sell solutions. There\u2019s a huge difference.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike in the\ntraditional open source model, we focus on usage. At BlueMind, we offer an open-source\ncollaborative email solution. As a service, email used to be addressed and\ndiscussed among technicians (IT managers, system and network administrators,\netc.) looking at performance, network bandwidth, architecture, etc. As long as messages\ncame in and out properly, that was enough as far as usage was concerned. This\nservice has since become ubiquitous (it is by far the most used in\nthe business world and it is continuously growing<\/a>). It has reached everyone across all organisations and has gained more\nfeatures. Email has expanded outside the technical sphere and, as a result,\ndiscussions about email services now concern functional features and usage\n(will I be able to use Outlook? Will VIPs be able to access their calendar and\nshared features from their mobile phones? Will the browser interface be\nuser-friendly? Will users be able to delegate their calendar privileges? Etc.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEveryone uses\nemail at all levels of a company. For an open-source solution to have a chance\nof competing with leading US vendors, it must take into account users, most of\nwhom use Outlook. Respecting user habits means being capable of supporting\nOutlook as transparently as with Microsoft Exchange. It also means allowing all\nusage and migration scenarios while offering the best Thunderbird, Mac, mobile\nand web-based support. That\u2019s what\nwe\u2019ve done with BlueMind v4\u201d<\/a> Thomas Cataldo, our Technical Director, explains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BlueMind is\ndesigned as a complete solution rather than mere technically-powerful source\ncode. This vision as a \u201csolution publisher\u201d (as opposed to \u201ccode producer\u201d)\nwill help us improve usability<\/a> <\/em>and by extension, expand the adoption of open-source solutions among workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being a\npublisher means that we spend 20-30% of development time on producing code, the\nrest being spent on auxiliary tasks \u2013 testing, documentation, version support\non platforms, ensuring continuity, client-scenario support, auxiliary tools,\necosystem development, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learning to change: a new role for CIOs?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The benefits of\nmoving to open-source solutions in terms of technology, independence and economics\nare clear, as a 2018 Cigref\nstudy pointed out<\/a>. The spanner in\nthe works is change, both at the end-user and CIO levels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is\nprecisely the issue France is struggling with, as evidenced by Defence Minister\nFlorence Parly\u2019s announcement. Beyond the technological migration it obviously\nentails, an open-source desktop implies a change in mindsets \u2013 Users\u2019, on the\none hand, whose productivity IT tools affect directly and who are therefore afraid\nof having their habits upset. CIOs\u2019, on the other hand, who must take on a new\nrole, that of agents of change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gartner<\/a> predicts\nthat by 2021, CIOs will be as important to their companies\u2019 culture change as\nChief HR Officers. \u201cA lot of CIOs have realised that culture can be an\naccelerator of digital transformation<\/a> and that they have the means to reinforce a desired culture through their\ntechnology choices,\u201d said Elise Olding, research vice president at Gartner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, CIOs can\nand will play a key role in digital transformation, and this won\u2019t happen if they\nrestrict their attention to infrastructure and servers as opposed to users, (as\nin some extreme cases in which organisations build a cloud and then ask what\nthey might put in it to \u201cjustify\u201d it). But if the organisation — and\/or its\nmanagement — isn\u2019t itself convinced and driving the change, it will be\ndifficult — and perhaps impossible — for it to succeed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plenty of incentives\nactually come from the top! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everyone must embrace their responsibilities and their choices!<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In September 2019,\nHorst Seehofer, German Minister of Interior, commissioned a \u201cStrategic market analysis about how to reduce\ndependency on single software vendors<\/a>\u201d to the management consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. It concluded\nthat Germany was strongly dependent on few software providers, in particular on\nMicrosoft<\/a>. This results in “pressure points in the federal government, that\nwork in opposition to the government’s [stated] strategic IT goals,” the\nreport notes. Concerns about information security at Microsoft could\n“endanger the country’s digital sovereignty”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Horst Seehofer, German Minister of Interior <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The report also\noutlines several options for improvement, including setting a framework and\nrules for the use of other software in the future, in particular open source. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This report is\nparticularly significant considering that Germany had made the news back in\n2006, when the city of Munich had switched to open source\ndesktops<\/a> before switching back to\nMicrosoft in 2017, triggering massive\ncontroversy<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The grim situation we\u2019re currently confronted with only goes to highlight what\nwe already knew. Border closures, some countries\u2019 inward-looking attitudes, the\nUS\u2019s unashamed egocentrism (yet another\nexample<\/a> of which recently transpired)\nare just a few reminders of why preserving our sovereignty is so important.\nDigital sovereignty is part of it. It implies choosing non-hegemonic, sovereign\nsolutions. But to turn this into reality, this choice must be asserted and the\nefforts it entails must be made. It is up to decision makers, States and\ncompanies\u2019 management. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

User desktops is\none of the last remaining strongholds that continues to resist the constant progression<\/a> of open source in businesses. This state of affairs is the result of\nseveral decades of open source being restricted to technical layers but also the\nimage it is struggling to shed \u2013 and rightly so \u2013 as an obscure, exclusive\nfield. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Things are\nalready changing with many initiatives by players developing and packaging\ncomplete open-source solutions, such as digital workplace<\/a>s or BlueMind\u2019s v4 — compatible with all usage scenarios and offering a\ncomprehensive product-centred ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The skills and\nsolutions are coming or already exist, promoted by open-source publishers\nthrough an ad-hoc economic model. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIOs and company\nexecutives have a role to play and it\u2019s up to them to get things moving. The\ncurrent context shows that change, even with some temporary discomfort, can be\naccepted and the result is worth it.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What remains to\nbe seen is what kind of digital technology and independence we want for our\ncompanies and our society! #TheChoiceIsHere<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CNLL\u2019s latest study published in early 2020 showed that \u201cthe open-source software industry in France is predicted to grow by 9% consistently every year until 2023, which is above the average the overall IT market which was close to 4% in 2019-20. In almost 80% of companies, the use of open source will increase in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,11],"tags":[192],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-categorise","category-usages-en","tag-featured"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOpen-source desktops: where are we at? - Bluemind<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'id\u00e9e d\u2019un poste de travail enti\u00e8rement Open Source revient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, mais est-elle r\u00e9aliste aujourd\u2019hui ? 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